:root {
  --bg-page: #F6F6F6;
  --bg-surface: #FFFFFF;
  --bg-dark: #111111;
  --bg-navy: #111111;
  --bg-slate: #262626;
  --bg-subtle: #EFEFEF;
  --text-main: #111111;
  --text-secondary: #2E2E2E;
  --text-muted: #5A5A5A;
  --text-light: #F7F7F7;
  --accent-gold: #111111;
  --accent-gold-light: #E8E8E8;
  --accent-blue: #111111;
  --accent-blue-light: #EAEAEA;
  --accent-emerald: #111111;
  --accent-emerald-light: #E6E6E6;
  --border-color: #D4D4D4;
  --border-dark: #222222;
  --font-serif: 'Georgia', 'Cambria', 'Times New Roman', serif;
  --font-sans: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
  --font-mono: 'SFMono-Regular', Consolas, 'Liberation Mono', Menlo, monospace;
  --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
  --shadow-md: 0 3px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
  --shadow-lg: 0 6px 12px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
}

* {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html,
body {
  overflow-x: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;
  text-size-adjust: 100%;
}

body {
  font-family: var(--font-sans);
  background-color: var(--bg-page);
  color: var(--text-main);
  line-height: 1.65;
  -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

a {
  color: #111111;
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 2px;
  transition: color 0.15s ease;
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-break: break-word;
}

a:hover {
  color: #444444;
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Prevent CSS Grid blowout on all viewports */
.editorial-grid > *,
.hero-stats-grid > *,
.report-grid > *,
.charts-grid > *,
.footer-inner > * {
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}

/* Top Institutional Ticker Bar — Pure Monochrome */
.top-ticker {
  background-color: #111111;
  color: #CCCCCC;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #333333;
  padding: 0.45rem 1.5rem;
}

.top-ticker-inner {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
}

.ticker-items {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem;
  align-items: center;
}

.ticker-item {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.ticker-label {
  color: #999999;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.ticker-val {
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ticker-val.gold {
  color: #E5E5E5;
}

/* Masthead / Header — Print Journal Monochrome Style */
.site-header {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  color: #111111;
  border-bottom: 3px double #111111;
}

.masthead {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 1.6rem 1.5rem 1.3rem;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: flex-end;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1.25rem;
}

.brand-block {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 0.25rem;
  min-width: 0;
}

.pub-badge {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.35rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.14em;
  color: #444444;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.brand-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.25rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: -0.02em;
  color: #111111;
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.12;
}

.brand-title:hover {
  color: #333333;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand-subtitle {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  color: #555555;
  max-width: 680px;
}

.masthead-meta {
  text-align: right;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #444444;
  line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Primary Navigation — Monochrome Editorial Bar */
.main-nav {
  background-color: #F2F2F2;
  border-top: 1px solid #111111;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #D4D4D4;
}

.nav-inner {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 0 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.25rem;
}

.nav-link {
  color: #222222;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
  display: inline-block;
  border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active {
  color: #000000;
  background-color: #E2E2E2;
  border-bottom-color: #111111;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/* Container & Grid */
.container {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
}

/* Hero Banner — Crisp Monochrome Monograph Box */
.hero-banner {
  background: #FFFFFF;
  color: #111111;
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 2.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  border: 1px solid #BDBDBD;
  border-top: 4px solid #111111;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.hero-kicker {
  display: inline-block;
  background-color: #EFEFEF;
  border: 1px solid #888888;
  color: #111111;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
}

.hero-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.15rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  color: #111111;
  max-width: 960px;
}

.hero-lead {
  font-size: 1.04rem;
  color: #2E2E2E;
  max-width: 900px;
  margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.hero-cta-row {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.85rem;
}

.hero-cta-btn {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 0.65rem 1.25rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: 0.88rem;
  text-decoration: none;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.hero-cta-primary {
  background: #111111;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-weight: 700;
  border: 1px solid #111111;
}

.hero-cta-primary:hover {
  background: #333333;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.hero-cta-secondary {
  background: #F2F2F2;
  border: 1px solid #666666;
  color: #111111;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.hero-cta-secondary:hover {
  background: #E4E4E4;
  color: #111111;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.hero-stats-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
  gap: 1rem;
  margin-top: 1.5rem;
  padding-top: 1.5rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #D4D4D4;
}

.hero-stat-card {
  background: #F8F8F8;
  border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
  border-left: 3px solid #111111;
  border-radius: 2px;
  padding: 1rem 1.15rem;
}

.hero-stat-num,
.hero-stat-num.emerald,
.hero-stat-num.gold {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 1.55rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #111111;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-stat-label {
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  color: #222222;
  font-weight: 700;
  margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.hero-stat-sub {
  font-size: 0.72rem;
  color: #555555;
  margin-top: 0.15rem;
}

/* Dual SVG Charts Grid */
.charts-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Layout Columns */
.editorial-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2.2fr 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
  align-items: start;
}

@media (max-width: 960px) {
  .editorial-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}

/* Cards & Sections */
.card {
  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 1.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.75rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.section-header {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: baseline;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #111111;
  padding-bottom: 0.6rem;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.5rem;
}

.section-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.4rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  color: #111111;
}

.section-tag {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.75rem;
  color: #555555;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.06em;
}

/* Badges — Pure Monochrome */
.badge,
.badge-emerald,
.badge-gold,
.badge-blue,
.badge-slate {
  display: inline-block;
  padding: 0.2rem 0.55rem;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.71rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  border-radius: 2px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  background-color: #EFEFEF;
  color: #111111;
  border: 1px solid #999999;
}

/* Data Tables */
.table-controls {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
  background-color: #F2F2F2;
  padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
  border-radius: 2px;
  border: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
}

.filter-btns {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.4rem;
}

.filter-btn {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  border: 1px solid #999999;
  color: #222222;
  padding: 0.35rem 0.75rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 600;
  border-radius: 2px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: all 0.15s ease;
}

.filter-btn:hover,
.filter-btn.active {
  background-color: #111111;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  border-color: #111111;
}

.search-input {
  padding: 0.4rem 0.75rem;
  border: 1px solid #999999;
  border-radius: 2px;
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  min-width: 220px;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  color: #111111;
}

.table-responsive {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  overflow-x: auto;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  border: 1px solid #E0E0E0;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.data-table {
  width: 100%;
  border-collapse: collapse;
  font-size: 0.84rem;
}

.data-table th {
  background-color: #1A1A1A;
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.74rem;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  text-align: left;
  padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
  cursor: pointer;
}

.data-table td {
  padding: 0.75rem 0.85rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  vertical-align: middle;
}

.data-table tr:nth-child(even) {
  background-color: #F9F9F9;
}

.data-table tr:hover {
  background-color: #EDEDED;
}

.mono-num {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-weight: 600;
  color: #111111;
}

/* Article Typography */
.article-header {
  background-color: var(--bg-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-top: 4px solid #111111;
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 2.25rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.article-kicker {
  font-family: var(--font-mono);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: #444444;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.article-h1 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 2.15rem;
  line-height: 1.25;
  color: #111111;
  margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-subtitle {
  font-size: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  line-height: 1.6;
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.byline-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 1rem;
  padding-top: 1rem;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  color: var(--text-muted);
}

.prose,
.faq-a,
.site-footer,
code {
  overflow-wrap: break-word;
  word-break: break-word;
}

.prose h2 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.5rem;
  color: #111111;
  margin: 2rem 0 0.85rem;
  padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #999999;
}

.prose h3 {
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  color: #222222;
  margin: 1.5rem 0 0.6rem;
}

.prose p {
  margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.prose ul, .prose ol {
  margin: 0.85rem 0 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.prose li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.callout-box,
.callout-box.gold,
.callout-box.emerald {
  background-color: #F4F4F4;
  border-left: 4px solid #111111;
  border-top: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
  border-right: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
  border-bottom: 1px solid #CCCCCC;
  padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
  border-radius: 0 2px 2px 0;
  margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.callout-title {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 0.95rem;
  color: #111111;
  margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

/* Report Cards Grid */
.report-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.report-card {
  background: var(--bg-surface);
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  border-top: 3px solid #111111;
  border-radius: 4px;
  padding: 1.5rem;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
  transition: transform 0.15s ease, box-shadow 0.15s ease;
}

.report-card:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.report-card h3 {
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.2rem;
  margin: 0.65rem 0 0.75rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.report-card h3 a {
  color: #111111;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.report-card h3 a:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.report-card p {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
  margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

/* FAQ Accordion / List */
.faq-item {
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  padding: 1.15rem 0;
}

.faq-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
}

.faq-q {
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  color: #111111;
  margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.faq-a {
  font-size: 0.92rem;
  color: var(--text-secondary);
}

/* Footer */
.site-footer {
  background-color: #111111;
  color: #BDBDBD;
  padding: 3rem 1.5rem 2rem;
  margin-top: 3rem;
  border-top: 3px solid #444444;
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.footer-inner {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 2rem;
}

.footer-title {
  color: #FFFFFF;
  font-family: var(--font-serif);
  font-size: 1.15rem;
  margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.footer-links {
  list-style: none;
}

.footer-links li {
  margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.footer-links a {
  color: #D4D4D4;
}

.footer-bottom {
  max-width: 1280px;
  margin: 2rem auto 0;
  padding-top: 1.25rem;
  border-top: 1px solid #333333;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: space-between;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 1rem;
  font-size: 0.78rem;
}

/* =========================================================
   MOBILE & IPHONE OPTIMIZATION (<= 768px and <= 640px)
   ========================================================= */

@media (max-width: 768px) {
  .top-ticker {
    padding: 0.4rem 0.85rem;
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
    white-space: nowrap;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
    scrollbar-width: none;
  }

  .top-ticker::-webkit-scrollbar {
    display: none;
  }

  .top-ticker-inner {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: 1.1rem;
    width: max-content;
  }

  .ticker-items {
    flex-wrap: nowrap;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .masthead {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    padding: 1.1rem 1rem;
    gap: 0.65rem;
  }

  .pub-badge {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  .brand-title {
    font-size: 1.68rem;
    line-height: 1.15;
    margin-top: 0.1rem;
  }

  .brand-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.81rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  .masthead-meta {
    text-align: left;
    width: 100%;
    border-top: 1px solid #E0E0E0;
    padding-top: 0.55rem;
    font-size: 0.69rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
  }

  /* Clean 2x2 Touch-Friendly Navigation Grid on Mobile */
  .nav-inner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1px;
    background-color: #CCCCCC;
    padding: 0;
  }

  .nav-link {
    background-color: #F4F4F4;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.65rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
    text-align: center;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    border-bottom: 3px solid transparent;
  }

  .nav-link.active {
    background-color: #FFFFFF;
    color: #000000;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-bottom: 3px solid #111111;
  }

  .footer-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .container {
    padding: 1rem 0.85rem;
  }

  .hero-banner,
  .article-header,
  .card,
  .report-card {
    padding: 1.15rem 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.15rem;
  }

  .hero-kicker,
  .article-kicker {
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }

  .hero-title,
  .article-h1 {
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    line-height: 1.28;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
  }

  .hero-lead,
  .article-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin-bottom: 1.1rem;
  }

  .hero-cta-row {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }

  .hero-cta-btn {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.85rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
  }

  .hero-stats-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    margin-top: 1.15rem;
    padding-top: 1.15rem;
  }

  .hero-stat-card {
    padding: 0.75rem 0.8rem;
  }

  .hero-stat-num,
  .hero-stat-num.emerald,
  .hero-stat-num.gold {
    font-size: 1.18rem;
  }

  .hero-stat-label {
    font-size: 0.74rem;
  }

  .hero-stat-sub {
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
  }

  .report-grid,
  .charts-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
  }

  .section-title {
    font-size: 1.18rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
  }

  .section-tag {
    font-size: 0.68rem;
  }

  .prose h2 {
    font-size: 1.22rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.65rem;
  }

  .prose h3 {
    font-size: 1.02rem;
  }

  .prose p,
  .prose li {
    font-size: 0.92rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
  }

  .prose ul,
  .prose ol {
    margin-left: 1.15rem;
  }

  .callout-box,
  .callout-box.gold,
  .callout-box.emerald {
    padding: 0.95rem 1rem;
    margin: 1.1rem 0;
  }

  .table-controls {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: stretch;
    padding: 0.7rem 0.75rem;
    gap: 0.6rem;
  }

  .filter-btns {
    width: 100%;
    gap: 0.35rem;
  }

  .filter-btn {
    flex: 1 1 auto;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0.4rem 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }

  /* 16px font-size prevents iOS Safari auto-zoom on input focus */
  .search-input {
    width: 100%;
    min-width: 0;
    font-size: 16px;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
  }

  .data-table {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
  }

  .data-table th,
  .data-table td {
    padding: 0.55rem 0.6rem;
  }

  .byline-bar {
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
  }

  .site-footer {
    padding: 2rem 1rem 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
  }

  .footer-bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 350px) {
  .hero-stats-grid,
  .nav-inner {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}